详解托福阅读的3个基本解题步骤
在托福阅读考试中，我们做题一般都是按照找、读、选这样的做题步骤来解题的。如何掌握这3个基本解题步骤就是我们托福阅读考试取得高分的关键。以下就是小编为大家带来的托福阅读解题的3个基本步骤，希望对大家托福阅读提分有帮助。
详解托福阅读的3个基本解题步骤
如何运用托福阅读的三个基本解题步骤?当大家了解了做题的三个基本步骤以后，我们来实践操作一个题目，大家做这道题的时候一定明白，它不要求一个学生去读完整段文字所有的词和所有的信息，你只需要正确地扫描和定位就可以了。比如说大家看当年出现的托福考试题目，在做题之前，我们还可以把这个做题步骤更有效地去过一遍：第一个步骤应该是找，找定位词，找定位词在文章中第一次出现的位置;第二步是读，读懂定位词存在这句话;第三步应该是选。
按照找、读、选这样的做题步骤，这道题目是这么说的“According to paragraph 4, compared with all other states that use Ogallala water for irrigation, Texas”。这个问题拿到手以后，它是一个标准的事实信息题，问的是关于第四段当中的一个具体内容，大家第一步应该读懂的是关于这个问题到底在问什么，首先你们请看，根据第四段，比起来所有其他那些使用Ogallala的水来灌溉的洲，请问，德州是什么情况?大家必须要明白，句子中“compared with all other states that use Ogallala water for irrigation”它只是作为状语成分出现，而问题真正问的是关于德州。既然问题问德州，我们需要去寻找扫描定位德州存在的句子，这个时候可见读懂问题是非常重要的，大家想，如果我们现在定位的不是“Texas”，而是“irrigation”灌溉，或者是“Ogallala”，或者是其他的词，你就没有办法找到能够回答这个问题的句子。
所以如果已经确定德州的话，在一段文字当中，千万不要去读每个词和每个句子，这样的弊端应该大家能够想得到，那就是：第一个，浪费了很多时间;第二个，信息量非常大，导致我们没有时间去完成所有的题目。所以对于托福阅读考试而言，一定要扫描定位，在一段非常长的文字当中快速地从段首开始扫描定位，然后找到德州所存在的句子。扫描这件事情，大家经过训练，就可以非常熟练。
那么，第一次当你找到德州这个词出现的位置，意味着这个词之前的所有的这些句子成分，在文章中都从来没有提到过德州这个词。而真正能够回答这个问题的，也就是德州出现的位置。按照《官方指南》说明，我们只需要去快速读懂这句话，而且后面的信息在一般情况下也不需要去读，答案通常出现在一句或者两句话当中。所以大家在读完这句话之后，快速去验证选项找一个同义替换。
最后我们再帮大家整体地梳理一遍做题步骤。首先拿到一道事实信息题，读问题，问题在问什么找什么，问题定位词应该是“Texas”，所以需要从段首扫描定位，去找到“Texas”这个词第一次出现的位置，然后阅读这个句子。在读完之后，抓住它的准确含义，从选项当中去验证一个正确选项，这就是我们要跟大家说的关于考试阅读整个的做题步骤。而这道题，也是在托福阅读的十种题型当中，出现频率最高，占据分数最大的一个题目。
其它托福阅读题目大家也依然可以按照这样的方式，仔细研读关于《官方指南》中对题目的说明。其实不仅是阅读这个部分，听力、口语、写作也需要大家去更好地去了解托福考试的要求、原理是怎样的，然后更高效、不走弯路地备考。最后，我们希望大家能够真正地循序渐进地准备托福考试，厚积薄发，最终取得好成绩。最后，祝大家在2020年托福考试顺利。
托福阅读材料：Whale fossil stuck in Egypt customs wrangle
Its name in Arabic is Wadi Hitan but it is known as the Valley of the Whales.
For years palaeontologists have been unearthing a remarkable collection of whale fossils, all the more surprising because the area is now inland desert in upper Egypt.
It is believed that about 40 million years ago the area was submerged in water, part of the Tethys Sea. As the sea retreated north to the Mediterranean it left a series of unique rock formations and also a cornucopia of fossils.
One of the most exceptional finds was a 37 million-year-old whale from the species Basilosaurus isis, unearthed by a team led by Prof Philip Gingerich of the University of Michigan in the United States.
But now it has become the subject of a bizarre customs wrangle at Cairo airport.
Prof Gingerich explained that this was the only complete specimen from this species of whale.
It provides evidence of how whales evolved from being land-based creatures to go back into the sea - a reverse of the usual evolutionary process.
Basilosaurus isis retained tiny feet, a useless reminder of its evolution from land animal to sea-dweller.
The limbs are human sized, even though the creature is 15m-16m long.
For the past two years Prof Gingerich and his team have been painstakingly reassembling the skeleton back in Michigan. It is now being returned to Egypt for a new museum, planned for the Valley of the Whales.
But according to the Egyptian media the whale skeleton is stuck at Cairo airport.
Customs agents are demanding a ,000 fee.
It is not clear how they came to that figure as prehistoric fossils have no agreed market value.
In any case the Egyptian authorities who are importing the fossil are refusing to pay.
A senior official from the ministry of tourism has warned that the issue needs to be resolved speedily, otherwise it could cause a "big scandal" for Egypt, he said.
Prof Gingerich joked that it had taken two-and-a-half years to be allowed to export the fossil to the United States, and it could take another two-and-a-half years to get it back.
托福阅读材料汇总：Will Satellites and Supercomputers Improve Bird Watching?
Add space satellites and supercomputers to the list of birdwatching tools.
Scientists at Oak Ridge National Laboratory and Cornell University's Lab of Ornithology are combining those high-tech tools with a database of bird sightings contributed by birdwatchers to learn how climate change is affecting bird movement in the United States.
"The approach we're taking here is we're trying to bring together as much environmental data as we can to try to understand what influences the bird migration," said Bob Cook, a distinguished research scientist at ORNL involved with the effort. "We're trying to address a really important question with regard to climate change: How might climate change influence the migration patterns of birds?"
That includes information about rainfall, temperature and snow cover, as well as the start of spring greening and the composition of land cover -- forested, urbanized or grassland, for example.
The land cover information is drawn from a NASA satellite sensor, MODIS -- that's short for "Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer". Bird sightings are taken from an online database run by Cornell and the National Audubon Society. Launched in 2003, E-bird allows "citizen scientists" to submit detailed reports via an Internet checklist.
Combining and analyzing all that data will require computing might provided by TeraGrid, a National Science Foundation-administered network of supercomputers.
Steve Kelling, director of information science at Cornell's ornithology lab, said the new project will allow scientists to link bird sightings to climate conditions.
Via the seven-year-old E-bird database -- which accepts observations recorded a century ago, as well as present-day bird sightings -- "we have really good information on the location where observations were made," Kelling said. "We can link those with other kinds of environmental observations, like land cover, type of climate, temperature, elevation and human demographic information."
Adding in the MODIS satellite data provides information about when spring greening begins and when fall starts, he said, two things that seem to be important environmental cues for bird migration.
Potential for a fatal mismatch
Eventually, the scientists would like to develop models that can forecast how future climate shifts might affect bird populations.
"We'd like to be able to shift the greening index to occur two weeks earlier or two weeks later and see if that influences the model's predictions of when birds will arrive at certain latitudes," Kelling said.
Climate change could produce a mismatch between a bird species' cue to migrate or nest and the availability of food, he noted, a phenomenon that's been observed with some species in Europe. For example, if the American Robin miscalculates spring and arrives before the insects it eats are ready, the birds could starve.
Several recent reports -- including two by the Interior Department and one from the National Audubon Society -- have found evidence that climate change is already altering bird habitat and migration patterns in the United States. Kelling said the advantage of the new project is harnessing the power of E-bird.
It's the only dataset that gives information about patterns of bird movement throughout the year, he said, noting that many other studies have relied on data collected through the Audubon's annual Christmas Bird Count or similar events.
In contrast, birders submitted 11 million individual bird sightings to E-bird between January 1 and July 31 of this year.
"It's just an immense amount of information," said Cook, whose work on the bird project is a proof of concept for a larger effort he's helping to direct, the Data Observation Network for Earth.
The five-year, NSF-funded program aims to help research scientists find new ways to visualize and explore large amounts of information.
详解托福阅读的3个基本解题步骤相关文章：
