英语必修四语法知识
高二阶段需要打好英语基础，语法是学好英语的基础，接下来学习啦小编为你整理了英语必修四语法知识点，一起来看看吧。
英语必修四语法知识点：过去分词做定语表语
1.English is a widely used language.
2.He threw away the broken cup.
3.This is one of the schools built in 1980s.
4.Prices of daily goods bought through a computer can be lower than store prices.
单个过去分词作定语，常放在被修饰词的前面;
过去分词短语作定语，常放在被修饰词的后面。
spoken English
= English which is spoken
terrified people
= the people who are terrified
an organized way
= a way that is organized
affected area 灾区
= the area which is affected
stolen culture relics
= culture relics that had been stolen
the book recommended by the teacher
= the book which was recommended by the teacher
printed articles
= articles that are printed
1) Doctor John Snow was a well-known doctor in London. 定语
2) John Snow told the astonished people in Broad Street. 定语
3) He got interested in the two theories. 表语
4) Neither its cause, nor its cure was understood 表语
Past Participle as the Attribute定语 Past Participle as the Predicative表语
1.terrified people1.people who are terrified
2.reserved seats2.seats that are reserved
3.polluted water3.water that is polluted
4.a crowded room4.a room that is crowded
5.a pleased winner5.a winner that is pleased
6. Astonished children6.children who look astonished
7.a broken vase 7.a vase that is broken
8.a closed door8.a door that is closed
9.the tired audience9.the audience who feel tired
10.a trapped animal10.an animal that is trapped
There are many fallen leaves on the ground.
= There are many leaves which had fallen on the ground. (地上有许多落叶)
Some of them, born and brought up in rural villages, had never been to Beijing.
= Some of them , who had been born and brought up in rural villages, had never been to Beijing.
(他们中的一些人，在农村出生并长大，从没去过北京)
及物动词的过去分词表示结束了的被动动作或者没有一定的时间性,只表示被动关系。
polluted water
= water which is polluted
reserved seats
= the seats which were reserved
trapped animal
= the animal which was trapped
不及物动词的过去分词不表被动，只表示动作发生在谓语动词之前，含有动作完成，动作结束之含义。
boiled water
= water which has boiled
fallen leaves
= the leaves which have fallen
risen sun
= the sun which has risen
过去分词作定语也可用作非限制性定语，前后用逗号隔开。
The books, written by Guo Jingming, are very popular with teenagers. 这些书是郭敬明写的，深受青少年的喜爱。
Some of them, born and brought up in rural villages, had never been to Beijing. 他们中的一些人，在农村出生并长大，从没过北京.
The book _written by the farmer (一本农民写的书) is very popular.
The building built last year (去年建的楼房) now collapsed in the Wenchuan earthquake.
The problem discussed at the meeting yesterday (在昨天会议上讨论的) was very difficult to solve.
The window broken by that naughty boy被那个顽皮男孩打破的) is being repaired.
The children examined in the hospital yesterday昨天在医院检查的) were seriously ill.
The people exposed to the sun (暴露在阳光下的) got sunburnt.
The boy punished severely by the teacher (受到老师严厉惩罚的) is now a college student.
The water delivered to his home (送到他家的水) carried disease.
英语必修四语法知识点：全部倒装
倒装是一种语法手段，用于表示一定的句子结构或强调某一句子成分。倒装句有两种完全倒装和部分倒装。
倒装句之全部倒装
全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时。常见的结构有
1)here,there,now,then,thus等副词置于句首,谓语动词常用be,come,go,lie,run。
Theregoesthebell.
2)表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语表示运动的动词。
Outrushedamissilefromunderthebomber.
注意上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。
Herehecomes.
英语必修四语法知识点：过去分词作宾补
英语中过去分词可作宾补，(此时的过去分词一般是及物动词)表被动意义或完成意义，有时两者兼而有之。做宾补的过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系，即宾语是过去分词动作的对象。如：
She found the door broken in when she came back.(宾补与宾语有被动的关系，表一种状态。)
一. 过去分词用在表状态的动词keep,leave等的后面。
Eg:They kept the door locked for a long time.
Keep your mouth shut and your eyes open.(谚语：少说多看)
Don't leave such an important thing undone.
Don't leave the windows broken like this all the time.
二.过分词用在get,have,make, 的后面。
1.注意“have +宾语+过去分词”的两种情况：
A)表"让某人做某事/让某事(被人)做"
eg: I have had my bike repaired.
The villagers had many trees planted just then.
B)表"遭遇到某种不幸，受到打击/受....影响，蒙受..... 损失"
Eg:I had my wallet stolen on a bus last month.
The old man had his leg broken in the accident.
He had his leg broken in the match yesterday.(MET1986)
2."make+宾语+过去分词",在这种结构中，过去分词的动词必须是表示结果含义的。如：
They managed to make themselves understood in very simple English.
I raised my voice to make myself heard.
三、过去分词用在感观动词watch,notice,see,hear,listen to ,feel,find等后面。如
When we got to school,we saw the door locked.
We can hear the windows beaten by the heavy rain drops.
He felt himself cheated.
The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see carried out the next year.(NMET2000)
四、过去分词用在want,wish,like ,expect等表示“希望，愿望”这一类动词后面做宾补。如
The boss wouldn't like the problem discussed at the moment.
I would like my house painted white.
I want the suit made to his own measure.
I wish the problem settled.
五、过去分词用在“with +宾语+宾补”这一结构中，过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。如：
The thief was brought in with his hands tied behind his back.
With many brightly-coloured flowers planted around the building ,his house looks like a beautiful garden.
With everything well arranged,he left the office.
六、过去分词、现在分词、和不定式作宾补的区别。
现在分词作宾补：宾语和补语之间是主谓关系。其动作与谓语动作同时进行。
过去分词作宾补：宾语和补语之间是动宾关系。其动作先于谓语动作。
不定式作宾补： 表一个完成的动作、或表一个很短时间内看到、听到或感觉到的具体动作。
eg:He didn't notice me waiting.
I heard the song sung in English.
I saw him opening the window.
I saw the window opened.
I saw him open the window.
I heard her sing the song in English.
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