初一英语美文带翻译
经典美文,经得起时间的考验,被历史证明是最有价值、最重要的文化精髓,思想宏远,构思巧妙,语言精美。学习啦小编整理了初一英语美文带翻译，欢迎阅读!
初一英语美文带翻译篇一
Salt and Metabolism
Just how salt became so crucial to our metabolism is a mystery; one appealing theory tracesour dependence on it to the chemist ry of the late Cambrian seas. It was there, a half billionyears ago, that tiny metazoan organisms first evolved systems for sequestering and circulatingfluids.
The water of the early oceans might thus have become the chemical prototype for the fluids ofall animal life - the medium in which cellular operations could continue no matter how theexternal environment changed. This speculation is based on the fact that, even today, theblood serums of radically divergent species are remarkably similar. Lizards, platypuses,sheep, and humans could hardly be more different in anatomy or eating habits, yet the saltcontent in the fluid surrounding their blood cells is virtually identical. As early marine specicsmade their way to fresh water and eventually to dry land, sodium remained a key ingredientof their interior,if not their exterior, milieu. The most successful mammalian species wouldhave been those that developed efficient hormonal systems for maintaining the needed sodiumconcentrations.The human body,for example, uses the hormones renin, angiotensin, andaldosterone to retain or release tissue fluids and blood plasma.The result,under favorableconditions, is a dynamic equilibrium in which neither fluid volume nor sodium concentrationfluctuates too dramatically. But if the body is deprived of salt, the effects soon becomedangerous, despite compensatory mechanisms.
盐与新
陈代谢盐为何成为人类新陈代谢的关键是一个谜;一个富有吸引力的理论认为我们对盐的依赖可从寒武纪海洋的化学变化中得到线索。 五亿年前，就是在那里，微小的后生动物首先进化成与外隔绝的循环液体系统。 因此，早期海洋里的水可能是所有动物体内液体的化学原型--一个无论外界环境如何改变，其细胞活动仍将继续的环境。 这个设想是建立这一事实基础上： 即使是在今天，物种迥异的众多动物血清非常相似。 蜥蜴、鸭嘴兽、绵羊和人类，在解剖学和饮食习惯上完全不同，但细胞周围的液体中的盐含量却基本上是相等的。在海洋生物向淡水区域并最终向陆地移动的过程中，盐始终是它们生存环境--如果不是外部环境，其码也是内部环境中的关键成份。 最高级的哺乳类动物为保持所需的盐浓度而进化出了高效的内分泌系统。例如，人体为了保留或释放组织液体和血浆而使用高血压蛋白原酶、血管紧张素、醛固酮等激素。 这样在有利的环境下，液体与其中盐浓度之间形成的动态平衡，两者均不致出现大起大落。 但如果身体里丧失了的盐分，尽管有各种的补偿机制，后果将马上极其危险。
初一英语美文带翻译篇二
Raising Oysters
In the past oysters were raised in much the same way as dirt farmers raised tomatoes - bytransplanting them. First, farmers selected the oyster bed, cleared the bottom of old shells andother debris, then scattered clean shells about. Next, they "planted" fertilized oyster eggs,which within two or three weeks hatched into larvae. The larvae drifted until they attachedthemselves to the clean shells on the bottom. There they remained and in time grew into babyoysters called seed or spat. The spat grew larger by drawing in seawater from which theyderived microscopic particles of food. Before long, farmers gathered the baby oysters,transplanted them in other waters to speed up their growth, then transplanted them once moreinto another body of water to fatten them up.
Until recently the supply of wild oysters and those crudely farmed were more than enough tosatisfy people's needs. But today the delectable seafood is no longer available in abundance.The problem has become so serious that some oyster beds have vanished entirely.
Fortunately, as far back as the early 1900's marine biologists realized that if new measures werenot taken, oysters would become extinct or at best a luxury food. So they set up well-equipped hatcheries and went to work. But they did not have the proper equipment or the skillto handle the eggs. They did not know when, what, and how to feed the larvae. And they knewlittle about the predators that attack and eat baby oysters by the millions. They failed, but theydoggedly kept at it. Finally, in the 1940's a significant breakthrough was made.
The marine biologists discovered that by raising the temperature of the water, they couldinduce oysters to spawn not only in the summer but also in the fall, winter, and spring. Laterthey developed a technique for feeding the larvae and rearing them to spat. Going still further,they succeeded in breeding new strains that were resistant to diseases, grew faster and larger,and flourished in water of different salinities and temperatures. In addition, the cultivatedoysters tasted better!
饲养牡蛎
过去人们饲养牡蛎的方式很大程度上类似于田地里的农夫种植蕃茄--通过移植来饲养它们。首先，农夫选好牡蛎苗床，清除底部的旧壳和其它杂物，然后四处撒播干净的壳。接着，他们"栽种"已受精的牡蛎卵。 这些卵在 2～3 周内会孵化成幼贝。 幼贝一直漂流直到粘在苗床底部干净的壳上为止。 它们会呆在那儿并逐渐长成小牡蛎。 我们称之为种子或贝苗。 贝苗吸进海水中的微小生物作为食物从而越长越大。 不久之后，农夫将这些小牡蛎收集起来，把它们移种进其他的水域加快其生长，然后再次将它们移种进另外的水域以使其肥壮起来。 直到最近，野生的以及人工饲养的牡蛎完全能够满足人们的需要。 但是今天这种可口的海味已不再大量存在。这个问题已经变得如此严重以至于一些牡蛎苗床已完全消失。
幸运的是，早在20 世纪初期海洋生物学家们就意识到如果不采取新的措施，牡蛎将会灭绝或至少会变为一种奢侈的食品。 因此他们建造了装备良好的孵卵场所并开始工作。但是他们尚没有适当的装置或技术来处理牡蛎卵。他们不知道何时、用什么以及如何喂养幼贝。他们对捕食数百万幼小牡蛎的动物天敌也所知无几。 他们失败了，但他们顽强地坚持了下来。
终于，在20 世纪40 年代，一个重要的突破性的进展产生了。 海洋生物学家发现，升高水温能够诱导牡蛎不仅在夏季也在秋季、冬季和春季里产卵。 后来他们发展了一项技术来喂养幼贝至其长成贝苗。 他们进一步成功地培养出了新的品种，可以抵抗疾病、长得更快、更大并且在不同的盐度和温度的水中都能茁壮生长。 此外，这些培殖出的牡蛎口感更佳!
初一英语美文带翻译篇三
Pottery
Ancient people made clay pottery because they needed it for their survival. They used thepots they made for cooking, storing food, and carrying things from place to place. Pottery wasso important to early cultures that scientists now study it to learn more about ancientcivilizations. The more advanced the pottery in terms of decoration, materials, glazes andmanufacture, the more advanced the culture itself.
The artisan who makes pottery in North America today utilizes his or her skill and imaginationto create items that are beautiful as well as functional,transforming something ordinary intosomething special and unique.
The potter uses one of the Earth's most basic materials, clay. Clay can be found almostanywhere.Good pottery clay must be free from all small stones and other hard materials thatwould make the potting process difficult. Most North American artisan potters now purchasecommercially processed clay, but some find the clay they need right in the earth close to wherethey work.
The most important tools potters use are their own hands; however, they also use wire looptools, wooden modeling tools, plain wire, and sponges.Plain wire is used to cut away thefinished pot from its base on the potter's wheel.
After a finished pot is dried of all its moisture in the open air, it is placed in a kiln and fired. Thefirst firing hardens the pottery, and it is then ready to be glazed and fired again.
For areas where they do not want any glaze, such as the bottom of the pot, artisans paint onmelted wax that will later burn off in the kiln. They then pour on the liquid glaze and let it runover the clay surface, making any kind of decorative pattern that they want.
陶器
古代人制作陶器是因为他们的生存需要它。 他们用这些自制的盆盆罐罐来做饭、装食物、储运东西。 陶器在早期文化中占据了如此重要的地位，以致于科学家们现在通过研究陶器来获取对古代文明的更多的了解。 因为陶器的装饰、材料、釉彩、制作等工艺越发达就说明这种文明越发达。 今天，北美的陶艺匠人运用他们的技艺和想象力创造出了既美观又实用的陶艺制品，把日常用品变为独特的艺术品。 制陶匠人使用大地上最基本的原材料--粘土。 粘土几乎随处可见，但好的制陶所用的粘土必须不含小沙粒或任何硬物，否则会给制陶过程带来不便。 现在大多数北美制陶艺人买现成的专用陶土，也有些陶匠乐于就地取材，在作坊附近自己挖粘土。 制陶器最重要的工具是工匠们自己的双手，但有时他们也用些别的工具，如绳圈、木模、素线、海绵等。 素线的作用是当一件陶器完成后用它把陶器从转盘上的基座上切下来。 陶器成形后，首先要在空气中自然风干，再放到窑中焙烧。 第一遍焙烧使得陶器变得坚硬，下一步就是给它上釉彩，然后再焙烧。
陶器上有些地方不需上釉彩，像罐子底部，匠人们就在这些部位涂上蜡，一加热就会化掉。 然后匠人们把釉彩液体浇上陶器表面，绘制他们想要的任何图案。
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