初一英语美文100词
诵读经典美文,是一种熏陶,也是一种积累,能有效提高学生的文学素养,培养学生的语言能力和写作能力。学习啦小编整理了100词初一英语美文，欢迎阅读!
100词初一英语美文篇一
Movie Music
Accustomed though we are to speaking of the films made before 1927 as "silent", the film hasnever been, in the full sense of the word, silent.From the very beginning, music was regarded asan indispensable accompaniment; when the Lumiere films were shown at the first public filmexhibition in the United States in February 1896, they were accompanied by pianoimprovisations on popular tunes. At first, the music played bore no special relationship to thefilms; an accompaniment of any kind was sufficient.Within a very short time,however,theincongruity of playing lively music to a solemn film became apparent, and film pianists beganto take some care in matching their pieces to the mood of the film.
As movie theaters grew in number and importance, a violinist, and perhaps a cellist, would beadded to the pianist in certain cases, and in the larger movie theaters small orchestras wereformed. For a number of years the selection of music for each film program rested entirely inthe hands of the conductor or leader of the orchestra, and very often the principalqualification for holding such a position was not skill or taste so much as the ownership of alarge personal library of musical pieces. Since the conductor seldom saw the films until thenight before they were to be shown (if indeed, the conductor was lucky enough to see themthen), the musical arrangement was normally improvised in the greatest hurry.
To help meet this difficulty,film distributing companies started the practice of publishingsuggestions for musical accompaniments. In 1909,for example, the Edison Company beganissuing with their films such indications of mood as "pleasant", "sad", "lively". The suggestionsbecame more explicit, and so emerged the musical cue sheet containing indications of mood,the titles of suitable pieces of music, and precise directions to show where one piece led intothe next.
Certain films had music especially composed for them. The most famous of these early specialscores was that composed and arranged for D. W. Griffith's film Birth of a Nation, which wasreleased in 1915.
电影插曲
尽管我们习惯于将 1927 年以前的电影称为"无声电影"，但是就无声这个词完整的意义上来说，电影从未真正的无声过，从最初开始音乐就被视为必不可少的伴奏。 当卢米埃尔的电影在 1896 年2 月美国首届影片公映展览上放映的时候，影片便用当时的流行曲临场钢琴伴奏。 最初，这些音乐伴奏与电影没有什么特别的关系，用什么曲子伴奏都行。 但在很短的时间内，为一部庄重的影片演奏快活的音乐所产生的不协调感变得显而易见，因此钢琴家们开始注意将自己的作品与影片的情调结合起来。 随着影剧院在数量上与重要性上的不断增长，在一些场合，除了钢琴师外，还要加上小提琴师，或许还有一位大提琴师。 较大的影剧院里还组成了小型的管弦乐队。 在很长的时间内，为各部影片选择配乐完全掌握在乐队指挥或队长手中，而通常把持这种职位的资格不是技巧或鉴赏品味，而是拥有一个大的音乐作品的个人收藏。 因为直到电影上映的前一天晚上乐队指挥才能看到影片(如果这个指挥真正有幸能够看到影片的话)，音乐安排通常是在非常匆忙的情况下临场进行的。为了解决以上的困难，电影发行公司开办了为音乐伴奏印制提示单的业务。例如 1909 年爱迪生公司开始将一些诸如"喜悦的"、"悲伤的"、"活泼的"之类表明影片情调特征的提示与影片一起发行。 这些提示逐渐变得更加具体，并且出现了包括影片情调说明、适用乐曲名称和乐曲转换点等内容的配乐说明单。 某些影片拥有专门为其创作的音乐。 这些早期特创乐谱中最著名的便是为D. W. 格雷夫斯 1915 年上映的影片《一个国家的诞生》所创作的音乐。
100词初一英语美文篇二
Mimicry in Plants
Plant adaptations can be remarkably complex. Certain species of orchids, for instance, imitatefemale bees, other plants look and smell like dead animals, and still others have theappearance of stones. These strange adaptations to life represent just a few of thesophisticated means by which plants enhance their chances of survival. Mimicry in plants oranimals is a three part system. There is a model: the animal, plant or substrate being initiated.There is a mimic: the organism that imitates the model. And there is a signal receiver ordupe: the animal that cannot effectively distinguish between the model and the mimic.Mimetic traits may include morphological structures, color patterns, behaviors or otherattributes of the mimic that promote its resemblance to a model.That model may be either anunrelated species or an inanimate object, such as the background against which an organismspends most of its time. Mimicry is not an active strategy on the part of an individual plant;flowers do not deliberately trick or deceive animals into visiting them.Mimicry arises as theresult of evolution through natural selection and the occurrence of random geneticmutations that lead over many generations to the appearance of favorable characteristics. Ifsuch traits help to camouflage a plant, for example, the plant is likely to have a survivaladvantage over other plants that are less well camouflaged.The plant will leave moredescendants, thereby passing the advantage to the next generation. For natural selection tofavor the evolution of mimicry, the mimicry must derive a reproductive advantage frommodeling itself after another organism or object: its fitness, measured as the number ofoffspring produced that survive into the next generation, must be increased as the result ofdeception.
植物拟态
植物的适应性极为复杂。 某种兰花模仿雌蜂，还有些植物看上去或嗅起来象死去的动物，更有些植物具有石头的外表。 这些稀奇古怪的适应性不过是植物的众多求生手段中的一小部分罢了。 动植物的拟态包括三方面的内容：一是被模仿者，动物，植物或是生态基层，二是模仿者，即那些去模拟其它东西的生物，三是上当受骗者，即不能分辨模仿者与被模仿者的动物。 被模仿特征包括形态结构，色彩花纹，动作习性或其它模仿者实现它与被模仿者相似的特点。 被模仿者可以是其它种类的生物或非生命物，如栖居地的环境。 拟态并非某个植物主动的策略。 花朵并非故意诱骗动物来访。 拟态是无数代自然选择和遗传变异的进化而获得的有利特征的结果。 比如，有些特征有利于伪装，那么具有这些特征的植物就比不具有的易于生存。 这种植物就会有更多的后代，并把这些特征代代相传。 要让自然选择惠顾模仿者的进化，模仿者必须在模仿其它生物或物体中得到繁殖优势：它的适应能力，以存活至下一代的幼兽的数目来衡量，必定因为欺骗而加强了。
100词初一英语美文篇三
Marine Mammals
Since there is such an abundance of food in the sea,it is understandable that some of theefficient, highly adaptable, warm-blooded mammals that evolved on land should have returnedto the sea.Those that did have flourished. Within about 50 million years -- no time at all,geologically speaking -- one of the four kinds of mammals that has returned to a marineenvironment has developed into the largest of all animal forms, the whale. A second kind, theseal,has produced what is probably the greatest population of large carnivorous mammals onEarth.
This suggests that these "top dogs" of the ocean are prospering and multiplying. However,such has not been the case,at least not for the last 150 years.Trouble has closed in on thesemammals in the form of equally warm-blooded and even more efficient and adaptablepredators, humans. At sea, as on land, humans have now positioned themselves on the top ofthe whole great pyramid of life, and they have caused serious problems for the mammals ofthe sea. There is a simple reason for this. Marine mammals have the misfortune to beswimming aggregates of commodities that humans want: fur, oil and meat. Even so, they mightnot be so vulnerable to human depredation if they did not,like humans, reproduce so slowly.Every year humans take more than 50 million tons of fish from the oceans without criticallydepleting the population of any species. But the slow-breeding mammals of the sea have beenall but wiped out by humans seeking to satisfy their wants and whims.
海洋哺乳动物
既然海洋中有如此丰富的食物，一些原本在陆地生存的高效率的，适应性强的暖血型动物返回海洋生存是不难理解的。 那些已经返回海洋的哺乳动物种族繁荣。 在大约 5 千万年间(这在地质学上不过是弹指一挥间)，返回海洋的4 种浦乳动物之一的鲸已成为体积最庞大的动物。 而另一种哺乳动物海豹，它的数量恐怕是地球上大型食肉哺乳动物中最大的。 这似乎表明这些海洋中的"大哥大"们人丁兴旺，一派繁荣景象。但至少在近 150 年以来，事实并非如此。 同样是暖血动物而且效率更高、适应性更强的捕食者，人类，成为这些哺乳动物的日益迫近的威胁。 在陆地和海洋，人类都已处在巨大的生物金字塔的最顶端，成为所有生物的主宰，并给海洋哺乳动物带来巨大的危胁。 原因很简单。 这些哺乳动物不幸成为人类所需要的一堆游动着的商品，如皮毛、油和肉。 尽管如此，如果它们不象人类一样繁殖如此缓慢，它们对人类的掠夺也不会如此无能为力。 每年人类从海洋中捕捞约 5 千万吨的鱼类，但这并未导致任何鱼种的灭绝。但繁殖缓慢的海洋哺乳动物却因为有了一心只想满足一已私欲的人类而濒临。
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