中学生初一英语美文
经典美文可以陶冶情操,丰富想象,还可以培养学生对语言文字的兴趣,有益于培养他们的英语素养。学习啦小编整理了中学生初一英语美文，欢迎阅读!
中学生初一英语美文篇一
Television
Television -- the most pervasive and persuasive of modern technologies,marked by rapidchange and growth --is moving into a new era,an era of extraordinary sophistication andversatility, which promises to reshape our lives and our world. It is an electronic revolution ofsorts, made possible by the marriage of television and computer technologies.
The word "television", derived from its Greek (tele: distant) and Latin (visio: sight) roots, canliterally be interpreted as sight from a distance. Very simply put, it works in this way: through asophisticated system of electronics, television provides the capability of converting an image(focused on a special photoconductive plate within a camera) into electronic impulses, which canbe sent through a wire or cable. These impulses, when fed into a receiver (television set), canthen be electronically reconstituted into that same image.
Television is more than just an electronic system, however. It is a means of expression, as wellas a vehicle for communication, and as such becomes a powerful tool for reaching otherhuman beings.
The field of television can be divided into two categories determined by its means oftransmission. First, there is broadcast television, which reaches the masses through broad-based airwave transmission of television signals. Second, there is nonbroadcast television,whichprovides for the needs of individuals or specific interest groups through controlledtransmission techniques.
Traditionally, television has been a medium of the masses. We are most familiar with broadcasttelevision because it has been with us for about thirty-seven years in a form similar to whatexists today. During those years, it has been controlled, for the most part, by the broadcastnetworks, ABC, NBC, and CBS, who have been the major purveyors of news, information, andentertainment. These giants of broadcasting have actually shaped not only television but ourperception of it as well. We have come to look upon the picture tube as a source ofentertainment, placing our role in this dynamic medium as the passive viewer.
电视
电视--以快速变化与发展为标志的最普遍、最具有影响力的一项现代技术，正在步入一个极端复杂化与多样化的新时代。 这个时代承诺重新塑造我们的生活和我们的世界。这可以称得上是又一次电子革命，其关键在于电视技术与计算机技术的结合。"电视"这个词来源于希腊语词根(tele：远)和拉丁语词根(vision：景象)，可以从字面上理解为来自远处的景象。 简单说来，电视是以这种方式工作的，通过一个复杂的电子系统，电视能够将一幅图像(这幅图像被聚焦在一部摄像机内的一块特殊的光导底片上)转换成能经过导线或电缆发送出去的电子脉冲信号。 当这些电子脉冲信号被输入一部接收机(电视机)时，就可以用电子学的方法把脉冲信号重新恢复成同一幅图像。但是，电视不仅仅是一个电子系统，它还是一种表达工具和传播渠道。 因此，电视成了一个对其他人发生影响的强大工具。电视这个领域可以根据其发射方式分为两类。 第一类为广播电视，通过电视信号的宽带无线电波发射展现在大众面前;第二类为非广播电视，使用受控的发射技术来满足个人以及某些特殊利益群体的需要。电视早已成为大众媒介。 我们熟悉广播电视，因为广播电视已经以类似 目前的方式存在了大约37 年。 在那些年头中，电视绝大部分一直由ABC、NBC、CBS 这些广播电视公司控制着，这些广播电视公司一直是新闻、信息和娱乐的主要提供者。 这些广播业的巨头实际上不仅塑造了电视，而且也塑造了我们对电视的理解。 我们渐渐把显像管看作是娱乐的来源，让自己成为这个生动的媒介的被动观众。
中学生初一英语美文篇二
Telecommuting
Telecommuting -- substituting the computer for the trip to the job--has been hailed as asolution to all kinds of problems related to office work.
For workers it promises freedom from the office, less time wasted in traffic, and help with child-care conflicts. For management, telecommuting helps keep high performers on board, minimizestardiness and absenteeism by eliminating commutes, allows periods of solitude for high-concentration tasks, and provides scheduling flexibility.
In some areas, such as Southern California and Seattle, Washington, local governments areencouraging companies to start telecommuting programs in order to reduce rush-hourcongestion and improve air quality.
But these benefits do not come easily. Making a telecommuting program work requires carefulplanning and an understanding of the differences between telecommuting realities and popularimages.
Many workers are seduced by rosy illusions of life as a telecommuter. A computer programmerfrom New York City moves to the tranquil Adirondack Mountains and stays in contact with heroffice via computer. A manager comes in to his office three days a week and works at home theother two. An accountant stays home to care for her sick child; she hooks up her telephonemodem connections and does office work between calls to the doctor.
These are powerful images, but they are a limited reflection of reality. Telecommuting workerssoon learn that it is almost impossible to concentrate on work and care for a young child atthe same time. Before a certain age, young children cannot recognize, much less respect, thenecessary boundaries between work and family.Additional child support is necessary if theparent is to get any work done.
Management too must separate the myth from the reality. Although the media has paid agreat deal of attention to telecommuting in most cases it is the employee's situation, not theavailability of technology that precipitates a telecommuting arrangement.
That is partly why,despite the widespread press coverage,the number of companies withwork-at-home programs or policy guidelines remains small.
电子交通
电子交通--用电脑取代上班的往返--作为对各种各样的办公室工作问题的解决办法已受到了欢迎。 对工作者来说，它承诺不受办公室的约束，更少的时间浪费在交通上和有助于解决照看小孩的矛盾。 对管理者来说，电子交通有助于挽留高效率的工作者，通过省去办公室与家之间的来回往返，大大减少工作拖拉和旷工，给予管理者独处的时间来完成需要高度集中精神的任务，为管理者提供灵活的时间安排。 在一些地区，如南加利福尼亚和西雅图、华盛顿，地方政府鼓励公司开始电子交通计划以减少交通高峰时的塞车和提高空气质量。
但这些益处也来之不易。 要使电子交通成功需要仔细的计划并且理解电子交通的现实状况和流行的想象之间的区别。 许多工作者被电子交通的美好幻想所迷惑。 一位电脑程序设计员从纽约市搬到了宁静的阿第伦达克山，用电脑保持与她办公室之间的联系。 一位经理一周三天到办公室，其他两天在家工作;一位会计师在家照顾她生病的孩子，接通电话调制解调器的接头，在同医生通话之余完成办公室工作。 这些是很有震撼力的情景，但也是对现实有限的反映。 电子交通者很快发现在同一时间专注工作和照看小孩几乎是不可能的。在某个年龄之前，小孩子不可能意识到，更不可能尊重工作与家庭之间的界限。 如果家长要完成工作，就必须另外照看小孩。 管理阶层必须把现实同神话分开。 虽然传媒对电子交通投入了极大的关注，但在很大程度上，是员工的实际情况而不是技术的可能性促成电子交通的安排。 这就是为什么尽管有广泛的报导，具有在家工作项目或行动纲领的公司数目依然很少的部分原因。
中学生初一英语美文篇三
Statistics
There were two widely divergent influences on the early development of statistical methods.Statistics had a mother who was dedicated to keeping orderly records of governmental units(state and statistics come from the same Latin root status) and a gentlemanly gambling fatherwho relied on mathematics to increase his skill at playing the odds in games of chance. Theinfluence of the mother on the offspring,statistics, is represented by counting,measuring,describing, tabulating, ordering, and the taking of censuses -- all of which led tomodern descriptive statistics. From the influence of the father came modern inferentialstatistics, which is based squarely on theories of probability.
Descriptive statistics involves tabulating, depicting and describing collections of data. These datamay be quantitative such as measures of height, intelligence or grade level -- variables thatare characterized by an underlying continuum -- or the data may represent qualitativevariables, such as sex, college major or personality type. Large masses of data must generallyundergo a process of summarization or reduction before they are comprehensible.Descriptive statistics is a tool for describing or summarizing or reducing to comprehensibleform the properties of an otherwise unwieldy mass of data.
Inferential statistics is a formalized body of methods for solving another class of problems thatpresent great difficulties for the unaided human mind. This general class of problemscharacteristically involve attempts to make predictions using a sample of observations. Forexample, a school superintendent wishes to determine the proportion of children in a largeschool system who come to school without breakfast, have been vaccinated for flu, orwhatever. Having a little knowledge of statistics, the superintendent would know that it isunnecessary and inefficient to question each child: the proportion for the entire districtcould be estimated fairly accurately from a sample of as few as 100 children. Thus, thepurpose of inferential statistics is to predict or estimate characteristics of a population froma knowledge of the characteristics of only a sample of the population.
统计学
统计方法的早期发展受到两种截然不同的影响。 统计学有一个"母亲"，她致力于井井有条地记录政府机构的文件(国家和统计学这两个词源于同一个拉丁语词根，status)，还有一个有绅士般的赌博"父亲"，他依靠数学来提高赌技，以便在几率的游戏中取胜。 "母亲"对其子女统计学的影响表现在计数、测量、描述、制表、归类和人口普查。 所有这些导致了现代描述统计学的诞生。 由于"父亲"的影响则产生了完全基于概率论原理的现代推理统计学。 描述统计学涉及对所收集数据的制表、制图和描述。 这些数据可以是数量性的数据，如高度、智商、或者是层级性的数据--具有连续性的变量--或数据也可以代表性质变量，如性别、大学专业或性格类型等等。 数量庞大的数据通常必须经过概括或删减的程序才能为人所理解。 描述统计学就是这样一个工具，它对极其庞杂的数据进行描述、概括或删减，使其变成能为人理解的东西。 推理统计学是一套已定形了的方法体系，它解决的是光凭人脑极难解决的另一类问题。 这类问题的显著特点是试图通过取样调查来作出预测。 例如，有一位教育督察想知道在一个庞大的学校系统中，不吃早饭就上学的学生、已经做过防感冒免疫的学生，或其它任何类型的学生占多大比例。 若具备一些统计学的知识，这位督察应明白，询问每个孩子是没有必要而且没有效率的，只要用100 个孩子为样本，他就可以相当精确地得出这些孩子占整个学区的比例了。 因此，推理统计学的目的就是通过了解一个群体中一些样本的特性，从而对整个群体的特性进行推测和估算。
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